| Description | ICD tax exemption is currently available only under Group Taxation, requiring 100% ownership. Subsidiaries with less than 100% ownership are not eligible; the earlier Group Relief-based exemption, with 55%–75% ownership, was withdrawn in 2021. This leads to multiple taxation of the same profit (cascading effect) within group structures, discouraging holding companies and making intra-group fund transfers costly. Frequent reversals in ICD treatment further create uncertainty for investors. |